A cobpobation of



Patented Aug. 9, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

IRVING F. LAUCKS AND GLENN DAVIDSON, OF. SEATTLE, WASHINGTON, ASSIGNORS TO I. F. LAUCKS, INCORPORATED, OI SEATTLE, WASHINGTON, A CORPORATION or WASHINGTON GLUE AND METHOD OF MAKING No Drawing. Original application filed October 29, i923 Serial No. 671,881. I Divided and this application filed October 4, 1928. Serial No. 310,431

preparation of such composition hereinafter. fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims, it being understood that such disclosed ingredients and steps constitute but. several of the various ways in which the principle of-the invention may be used.

The art of making a water-proof glue from certain protein materials has been knownfor some time;thus casein and blood albumin are in common use. These last mentioned compounds, however, have a number of disadvantages from a practical standpoint.

Casein is costly and .lack of uniformity-in the material as derived from various sources is a seriousdetriment; while blood albumin There is accordingly a great demand, particu-, larly in the veneer industry where large quantities of glue are consumed, for a new glue that will be cheap and at'the sufliciently water-proof.

By water-proof, in this connection, it is not meant that resist the action of water indefinitely, but it is meant that they are water-pro'of in the 2o sense in which the term is usedin the veneer industry, viz., that a panel can be soakedin cold water for from seventy-two to one hun-' dred hours, or in boiling water for eight hours, without separation.

Vegetable compounds have not, so far as we are' aware, been heretofore satisfactorily employed as a basis for water-proof glues of the type in question. It is true that some on account of the high price.

veneer makers, of casein, have come to use starch glues but these, at least as heretofore made, are not at all water-proof, and vegetable proteins-have not heretofore been used at all, so far as we are aware. g

We have now discovered, however, that by subjecting; the same to proper treatment, vegetable matter containing proteins in proper amount, can be converted into a water. proof glue'that will satisfy the rigid require- -ments of veneer making. The requisite raw material may be derived from a number of sources and thetreatment of such material is relatively simple and inexpensive so that as a result we, are able to produce a satisfactory glue at a much lowercost than has heretofore been possible.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the invention, then, consists of the combination of ingredients or composition of matter and the steps involved in the not available except in certain situations.

same time glues thus characterized will \Ve have found that soya bean flour constitutes an admirable raw material for our purpose. Such flour is preferably made by grinding soya bean-cake so that per cent. will passa mesh screen and when treated with certain chemicals, or other substances, we make therefrom a very satisfactory glue that meets the requirements of the veneer trade fully and is in many respects better than the usual glues now on the market. Such bean cake, as analyzed by us, is found to contain on the average 45 per cent. protein, 12'per cent.'water, 5 per cent. cellulose or crude fibre, 7 per cent. oil, 6 per cent. ash, and 25. per cent. carbohydrates.

We do not, however, wish to limit ourselves to soya bean flour or to vegetable protein derived from this source.

Soya bean flour made from soya bean cake 75 from which the oil has been expressed, is preferably used in practice because it is cheaper and makes a better glue, but flour made from whole soya beans, without ex pressing the contained oil, may also be used, although obviously this would not be2'economical in view of the value which attaches to such oil. As to the fineness of theflour, it is not necessary that the meal be ground as fine as indicated above, but fineness is desirable from a practical standpoint.

When the usual chemicals employed in making casein glue, viz., lime and sodium silicate, are added to a vegetable protein containing material, for example, soya bean flour, a glue results, but itisnot asgood as casein glue. It is not as highly water resistant nor as workable. We find, however by the use of caustic soda "with such vegetable 05 protein-containing matter,a muchbetter glue is obtained, such causticsoda apparently playing the part of dispersing the colloidal material. The resultant glue is then some what similar in its working properties. to'

uivalents would be other-alkaline com "pounds of copper. I

Sodium dichromate. .Equivalents would be other metallic dichromates or chromates.

casein glue, althougli its water resistance is still slightly less.

Preferab y we react on our vegetable protein-contaimng material with both caustic soda and lime. As equivalents of such caustic soda, caustic potash and ammonia may be used, although more exnsive Other'equivalents of caustic soda re salts of soda (or potash) with weak acids, e. g. sodium phosphate,sodium borate and the like, whenjlime is present. Similarly in place of lime, magnesia, baryta and stront1a may be used as equivalents.

In order to improve the workin properties, e. g. the spreadin and flow, o the'glue produced as aforesai as well as the water resisting properties,

ble to add other substances of which the gollowing are exam lesz.

Carbon bisulfi e, calcium polysulfide.

Equivalents would be othersulfur compounds of like properties or constitution.-

Cogper sulfate, cuprammonium coms copper-caustic soda compounds.

' Chrome alum, ammonia alum, aluminum sulfate. Equivalents would be other alums and aluminum salts, including aluminates.

Quebracho, sumach, spruce extract (cons centrated sulfite liquor) These are all commonly used tanning agents. Equivalents would be other vegetable tanning agents.

Zinc sulfate, ,zinc chloride, ammonium zincate. Equivalents would be other zinc compounds.

Calcium sulfate, calcium oxychloride (bleaching powder). Equivalents would be other calcium salts, or alkaline earth salts.

Gresylic acid.. Equivalents would be other phenols.

Rosin, sodium or calcium soa 'ofrosin. Equivalents would be other" resins or resin combinations with metals.

Carbon bisulfide impartsvery great water resistingdproperties, as does also calcium copper salts and t polysul e, although to a. lesser degree; the

glue more readily workable while at the same time imparting increased water resistance; the alums, the tanning agents, zinc comtmds, calcium compounds and cresylic acid increase the water resistance of the glue;'the

silicates and related compounds act as thinners while at the same. time. increasing the water resistance and the strength of the glue; and the rosin and derivatives thereof act as thinners and make the workable. Substances su which act as a thinner, or render the glue more readily workable, may be appropriately to. add to glue more readily c referred to as Spreaders.

It has 8186 been found desirable we have found it desir e dichroma'tesmake the as the foregoing,

I We have also found that certain substances,

inconjunction with lime, will act in the same way as the caustic soda and also as thinners, e. sodiumphosphate, sodium perborate and so sulfite.

lue after mixing 'These salts are all related in formulae that we have used and that they are combinations of the strong base sodium with a weak acid 'and there are a number of other salts that fall in the same cate ory and which have a similar efiect, 'so,

-nee notbelistedindetaih a I I As examples we may cite the following typical formulaez- (1) Mix parts soya bean flour with 120 parts water; add .13 parts of 18 per'cent.

caustic soda solution and mix; 5 parts carbon bisulfide are then added and stirred well; to

this?) partscalcium hydrate are added and. stirred in; then 15 parts water glass (sodium silicate) are stirred in; finally, add 1 part copper sulfate to 5 arts of water and stir in. This makes the fimshed glue, which is then spread on panels, for example, put under pressure for several hours, pressure may be released. (2) Mix 15 parts soya bean flour with 1 part sodium dichromate; add parts water and 13 parts 18 per cent. caustic soda-solution; stlr well; then add 2 parts calcium hywhereupon the dratein 30 parts of water, giging finishedfl (3) Mix 30 parts soya bearr flour, 5 parts rosin, 1 parts copper sulfate, 1 part quebracho together dry; add 90 parts water and 26 parts 18 per cent. caustic soda solution;

stir well; add 6 parts calcium hydrate in 15 parts water; then add 15 parts water glass, givingfinished glue.

(4) Mix dry, 40 parts soya-bean flour, 6 parts rosin, 8 parts Portland cement, 3' parts dichromate of soda arid 5 parts caustic soda;

add 140 parts water and 14 parts water glass; stir well; add 50 parts water.

(5) Mix 30 parts'soya bean flour, 1 part alum, 7.0 parts water; add 13 parts 18. per cent. caust ie soda. solution and 4 parts calcium hydrate in 20 parts water.

(6) -Mix 30 parts soya bean flour, 1 part sodium dichromate, 0.1 part zinc sulfate, 80 parts water; add 13 parts 18 per cent. caustic soda solution and 4 parts calcium hydrate in 20 parts water.

(7) Mix 30 parts soya bean flour, 5 parts 20 parts of lime, and subsequently incorporosin, 1 parts copper sulfate, part sorating a caustic soda solution to spreading dium dichromate, 90 parts water, 1 part creconsistency.

sylic acid, 26 parts 18 per cent. caustic soda solution, 6 parts calcium hydrate in 15 parts water, 15 parts water glass. i

The particular order in which the several ingredients are admixed togetherin the formulae just given may be varied, and it is not necessary that the manufacture of the product be completed in a single continuous operation, but as a matter of practice we have found it desirable in.certain cases to mix only certain of the ingredients initially and then add the others just before the glue is required for use. Thus, the. glue that we are at present making commercially. is made as follows, viz :-soya bean flour, lime, rosin and potassium dichromate are mixed dry, and in this form is shipped to the veneer plants. Inthe latter such dry product is then mixed with water, caustic soda solution and sodium silicatein the form of water glass, thereby making the finished glue. The proportions in which the foregoing ingredients are employed in the case of the particular method of manufacture just described will be substantially as given in the preceding formulae numbered (1) to (7) inclusive.

, It will also be understood, of course, that the foregoing formulae are typical and tha many variations are actually made therein 1n the compounding of our improved glue.

This application is a division of our application Serial No. 671,381, filed October 29, 1923 (now Patent No. 1,689,? 32).

Other modes of applying the principle of our invention may be employed instead-of the one explained, change being made as regards the process herein disclosed or the materials employed in carrying out such process provided the stated ingredients and steps or the e uivalent of such stated ingredients or steps e employed.

We therefore particularly point out and distinctly claim as our invention 1. The process of making an adhesive, which comprises dry mixing soya bean flour with an alkaline-earth hydroxide, and subsequently incorporating an alkali metal hydrox'ide and water.

2. A process of making an adhesive, which comprises dry-mixing soya bean flour with a compound of an alkali-forming metal, and

subsequently incorporating an alkaline medium and water to spreading consistency.

3. The process of making an adhesive, which comprises dry mixing soya bean flour with lime, and subsequently incorporating a caustic soda solution.

4:. The process of making an adhesive, which comprises dry mixingsoya bean flour with lime, in the proportion of about 100 parts of the soya bean flour and about 10 to GLENN DAVIDSON. 

